What is IT Infrastructure and What Are Its Components Essay Sample free essay sample

IT substructure is the shared engineering resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system specifications. IT substructure includes hardware. package. and services that are shared across the full house. Major IT substructure constituents include computing machine hardware platforms. runing system platforms. endeavor package platforms. networking and telecommunications platforms. database direction package. Internet platforms. and confer withing services and systems planimeters. 2. What are the phases and engineering drivers of IT substructure development? The five phases of IT substructure development are: ( 1 ) the mainframe epoch. ( 2 ) the personal computing machine epoch. ( 3 ) the client/server epoch. ( 4 ) the endeavor calculating epoch. and ( 5 ) the cloud and nomadic calculating epoch. Moore’s Law trades with the exponential addition in treating power and diminution in the cost of computing machine engineering. saying that every 18 months the power of microprocessors doubles and the monetary value of calculating falls in half. The Law of Mass Digital Storage trades with the exponential lessening in the cost of hive awaying informations. We will write a custom essay sample on What is IT Infrastructure and What Are Its Components? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page saying that the figure of Ks of informations that can be stored on magnetic media for $ 1 approximately doubles every 15 months. Metcalfe’s Law helps demo that a network’s value to participants grows exponentially as the web takes on more members. Besides driving detonating computing machine usage is the rapid diminution in costs of communicating and turning understanding in the engineering industry to utilize computer science and communications criterions. 3. What are the current tendencies in computing machine hardware platforms? Increasingly. computer science is taking topographic point on a nomadic digital platform. Grid calculating involves linking geographically distant computing machines into a individual web to make a computational grid that combines the calculating power of all the computing machines in the web. Virtualization organizes calculating resources so that their usage is non restricted by physical constellation or geographic location. In cloud calculating. houses and persons obtain calculating power and package as services over a web. including the Internet. instead than buying and put ining the hardware and package on their ain computing machines. A multicore processor is a microprocessor to which two or more processing nucleuss have been attached for enhanced public presentation. Green calculating includes patterns and engineerings for bring forthing. utilizing. and disposing of information engineering hardware to minimise negative impact on the environment. In autonomic computer science. computing machine systems have capablenesss for automatically configuring and mending themselves. Power-saving processors dramatically cut down power ingestion in nomadic digital devices. 4. Define and depict unfastened beginning package and Linux and explicate their concern benefits. Open beginning is produced and maintained by a planetary community of coders and is frequently downloaded for free. Linux is a powerful. resilien t unfastened beginning runing system that can run on multiple hardware platforms and is used widely to run Web waiters. Define Java and Ajax and explicate why they are of import. Java is an operating –system – and hardware- independent scheduling linguistic communication that is the taking synergistic scheduling environment for the web. Ajax is another Web development technique for making synergistic Web applications that prevents all of this incommodiousness. Define and depict Web services and the function played by XML Ajax and JavaScript is another Web development technique for making synergistic Web applications that prevents all of this incommodiousness Name and depict the three external beginnings for package. Mashups. Java. LinuxDefine and describe package mashups and apps.Mashups combine two different package services to make new package applications and services. Apps are little pieces of package that run on the Internet. on a computing machine. or on a nomadic phone and are by and large delivered over the cyberspace. 5. Name and depict the direction challenges posed by IT substructure. Covering with platform and substructure alteration. substructure direction and administration are the challenges posed by IT substructure. Explain how utilizing a competitory forces theoretical account and ciphering the TCO of engineering assets help houses make good substructure investings. TCO theoretical account can be used to analyse these direct and indirect costs to assist houses find the existent cost of specific engineering executions.

Summary of Carrie Essays - Carrie, Rita Desjardin, Sue Snell

Summary of Carrie Essays - Carrie, Rita Desjardin, Sue Snell Summary of Carrie English Summary. A Summary of Carrie. So far they have brought you into the beginning of how it all started. Carrie just had her first period at the age of seventeen and they tell you about how people bully her and who is on top and who is not. They brought a lot of characters into light like Sue, Chris and Ms. Desjardin, and a little on who they may become as the story goes along. The story shows you how evil Carrie?s mother is and how Carrie has been treated at home as a little child to a teenager. Carrie?s is also using her powers to hurt and to scare like when she makes a kid fall off his bike or when she tells her mom she will make the rocks come back. A Paraphrase On page 49 about half way down, Sue and her boyfriend Tommy are talking about the past when Tommy kicked a kid while he was down and how Sue feels bad about what she said. In the passage, what I got from it was that Sue feels bad for what she did to Carrie and wants some reason to apologize to her. Tommy tells his story to her and states that he did not apologize for what he did because he had a good reason to do it. He also tells Sue that she did not have a good reason for doing what she did because Carrie never did anything to her.

An Overview Of Ambulatory Surgery Centers Nursing Essay

An Overview Of Ambulatory Surgery Centers Nursing Essay An ambulatory surgery center is indication to the surgery that conducted without the need for overnight hospital stay. This term also recognized as outpatient surgery or same day surgery. This surgery in general not type of complicated surgery, it is simpler than the one which requiring hospitalization. This kind of ambulatory surgery is widely used in present time, where the cost of such surgery is low, simple and required less resources where for the inpatient it is essential to keep the patient in the hospital; that mean reserve bed for that patient in the hospital [1]. Another definition can be used here, that ambulatory surgery is â€Å"the performance of planned surgical procedure with the patient being discharged on the same day† [2]. The ambulatory surgery first found in 1909 by James Nicoll, a scottish surgeon, it was called by â€Å"day case surgery†. In 1912 Ralph Walter in the USA adopted this surgery type in the USA. It was unpopular until the 1960s and 19 70s when the traditional surgeries became a bottleneck for most of the USA’s Hospitals, where keeping the patient on holding list and admitted them in the hospital became more expensive, in addition the availability of beds decreased. Walter Reed introduced the ambulatory surgery to USA’s hospital, since then patient manages improved significantly and rapidly with ensuring the patients’ fitness after discharge [2]. Ambulatory surgery form about 90% of all surgery performed nowadays in Canada and USA [6]. The day surgery can achieve high level of quality, cost effective and safe which lead to high level of patient satisfaction [6]. University of California at Los Angeles developed a hospital based on ambulatory surgery unit in 1962, then other units in the USA were opened in 1966 At Gorge Washington university, until big number of ambulatory surgery is opened now in the USA and Canada [7]. Several associations created to developed a strategies and plans to adopt and improve the ambulatory surgery, one of these association is the Federated Ambulatory Surgery Association (FASA), this association founded in the USA since 1974, another 12 national association formed and become member of the International Association for Ambulatory Surgery (IAAS) [8] The advantages from ambulatory surgery system are varied in type, some of these advantages related to patient and their family and some related to the hospitals and the healthcare system as whole. Those advantages for the patient that they will receive more attention from the healthcare team, because the ambulatory surgery designed to serve that patient [9]. The ambulatory patient will return home after receiving the treatment, so it is better to well manage the day surgery units and provide the patient with treatment which allowed them to continue recovering at their family home environment. Small mistakes that could happen for inpatient will not occur to the ambulatory surgery patient, like missin g drug or shot or give different medicine for patient, because in the ambulatory surgery patient is always having everything in plan and no mistakes there [10]. Day surgery is better for children than inpatient surgery where the children will not be separated from their family for long time. The children will be less stressful and feel more comfortable because they can join back their family after that surgery finish [11]. In the European Charter of Children’s Rights states that â€Å"children should be admitted to hospital only if the care they require cannot be equally well provided at home or on a day basis† [12].

Components of a nutritional assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Components of a nutritional assessment - Essay Example In biochemical analysis, blood, urine, stool, and hair are analyzed in a laboratory. In clinical analysis, an individuals medical history information is assessed and a physical examination conducted to determine nutritional needs. Dietary data is collected through asking an individual to recall what he or she has eaten for the past twenty-four hours, or otherwise the individual is asked to fill a food frequency questionnaire (Johnstone, 2006). Each stage of development has unique nutritional needs. According to Jarvis (2012), it is imperative to breastfeed a newborn exclusively for the first six months as breast milk contains sufficient nutrients necessary for normal growth and development for an infant. Adolescence is a period of rapid growth hence adolescents have high nutritional needs. Therefore, they need increased intake of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals to support their rapid development (Jarvis, 2012). During middle adulthood, growth and development ceases. At this stage nutrients are mainly used for maintenance and repair hence energy giving foods should be reduced, calcium levels increased as there is a decrease in bone mass, and iron needs remain high for women to compensate for losses during menstruation (Jarvis, 2012). For the elderly, calcium and vitamin D needs remain high for maintenance of bone health, energy giving foods decreased due to reduced activity, and salts and fatty intake shoul d be reduced (Jarvis, 2012). As mentioned earlier, females require more iron to compensate for losses during menstruation. Men have larger bodies in terms of height, weight, and muscle hence require more energy. Additionally, men are more active than female hence require more energy. Daily nutrient intake for adult females are 2000 k/cal while that of men is 2800 k/cal (Jarvis, 2012). Johnstone, C. (2006). Nurses role in nutritional assessment and screening-part one of a two- part series. Nursing Times, 102(49): 28.

Marketing mix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing mix - Essay Example Constantinides described from many research scholars the weaknesses and the possible propositions to modify this marketing mix. Several marketing mix have been proposed to be used by practitioners in a bid to improve the total influence that they impact on the total sales (Constantinides, 2006). Among the marketing mixes that have been proposed, is the traditional 4Ps which still stand out as a framework that is used by many marketing practitioners. The research showed that indeed many scholars have been raising their concerns about the unsuitability of 4ps framework being used in the marketing strategies by companies or corporations or business entities wishing to capture the 21st century customers’ attention. His conclusions agreed with his initial assessment and prediction of the same. It is however, noticeable that much of the propositions he relies on have not been tested but are just personal recommendations of the other previous scholars. Nevertheless, the case study gave an insight into the very much argued topic about the appropriate marketing mix that should be used in today’s ever dynamic business world. This whole work again makes it a critical issue to even want know whether the 4ps of marketing is currently applicable to the customers as a way of marketing strategy. The author Efthymios Constantinides is a well experienced person as a lecturer and an expert in the corporate world with a doctorate degree in Virtual marketing. He therefore, is well versed with the required knowledge to write on a topic like this. The doctor according to the way he writes, probably targeted the marketing practitioners as his audience in this publication as well as fellow researchers evidenced at the end of his conclusion remarks where he recommends that further research should be done on the same field. It is also true that these were not the only target audience to Mr. Constantinides going by the

Kim Fuller Essay Example for Free

Kim Fuller Essay In the early fall of 2002, Kim Fuller was employed as a district sales engineer for a large chemical firm. During a routine discussion with plant chemists, Fuller learned that the company had developed a use for the recycled material, in pulverized form, made from plastic soda pop bottles. Because the state had mandatory deposits all beverage bottles. Fuller realized that a ready supply of this material was available. All that was needed was an organization to tap that bottle supply, grind the bottles, and deliver the pulverized plastic to the chemical company. It was an opportunity Fuller had long awaited—a chance to start a business. In November 2002 Fuller began checking into the costs involved in setting up a plastic bottle grinding business. A used truck and three trailers were acquired to pick up the empty bottles. Fuller purchased one used grinding machine but had to buy a second one newï ¼â€ºSupplies and pans necessary to run and maintain the machines were also purchased. Fuller also purchased a personal computer with the intention of using it to keep company records. These items used $65,000 of the $75,000 Fuller had saved and invested in the company. A warehouse costing $162,000 was found in an excellent location for the business. Fuller was able to interest family members enough in this project that three of them, two sisters and a brother, invested $30, 000 each. These funds gave Fuller the$50,000 down payment on the warehouse. The bank approved a mortgage for the balance on the building. In granting the mortgage, however, the bank 0fficial suggested that Fuller start from the beginning with proper accounting records. He said these records would help not only with future bank dealings but also with tax returns and general management of the company. He suggested Fuller find a good accountant to provide assistance from the start, to get things going on the right foot. Fullers neighbor, Marion Zimmer, was an accountant with a local firm. When they sat down to talk about the new business, Fuller explained, â€Å"I know little about keeping proper records.† Zimmer suggested Fuller should buy an â€Å"off-the-shelf† accounting system software package from a local office supply retailer. Zimmer promised to help Fuller select and install the package as well as learn how to use it. In order to select the fight package for Fullers needs, Zimmer asked Fuller to list all of the items purchased for the business, a11 of the debts incurred, and the information Fuller  would need to manage the business. Zimmer explained that not al l of this information would be captured by the accounting records and displayed in financial statements. Based on what Fuller told Zimmer, Zimmer promised to create files to accommodate accounting and non-accounting information that Fuller could access through the companys personal computer. As Fullers first lesson in accounting, Zimmer gave Fuller a brief lecture on the nature of the balance sheet and income statement and suggested Fuller draw up an opening balance sheet for the company. Confident now that the venture was starting on solid ground, Kim Fuller opened the warehouse, signed contracts with two local bottling companies, and hired two grinding machine workers and a truck driver. By February 2003 the new firm was making regular deliveries to Fullers former employer. Questions 1. What information will Fuller need to manage the business? Classify this information in two categories: accounting information and non-accounting information. 2. See what you can do to draw up a beginning of business list of the assets and 1iabilities of Fullers company making any assumptions you consider useful. How should Fuller go about putting a value on the companys assets? Using your values, what is the company’s opening owners’ equity? 3. Now that Fuller has started to make sales, what information is needed to determine â€Å"profit and loss†? What should be the general construction of a profit and loss analysis for Fullers business? How frequently should Fuller do such all analysis? 4. What other kinds of changes in assets, 1iabilities, and owners’ claims will need careful recording and reporting if Fuller is to keep in control of the business?

Alcohol on Academics :: essays research papers

Alcohol, when consumed in reason, can be fine. But when it is taken in great quantities it can be very detrimental to a student. Heather Wilson and Jeremy Foster wrote a perspective on drugs and alcohol in a book aimed to warn people about the dangers of alcohol and drugs. Here is there account. "During parents weekend, she, her roommate, and their parents went to her best friend's room and found her soaked in blood and tears on the dorm-room floor. Heather's friend had a history of depression, and the combination of this, a bottle of Jack Daniel's Black Label, and too much cold medicine left her ravaged and suicidal"(Kuhn 21). The girl in the story turned out to be ok. She had tried to slit her wrists the night before. The story went on to say that, "They found her in time to save her, but she will always carry the scars where she cut her wrists"(Kuhn 21). In this paper I intend to prove how alcohol is detrimental to college students. Our brain controls everything we do. Without it we wouldn't be able to perform the simplest of tasks It is one of if not the most important thing we have as a person. As a college student I rely heavily on my brain to help me with all of the assignments for my classes. But what if my brain didn't work properly? When alcohol is inputted into the brain, it induces many output actions such as; impaired judgment, extreme emotion, and slowed behavior (Alcohol and its effects). Not only are the short term effects enough to side track any academic student, but the long term effects could have serious implications on your life. Long-term effects include damage in cognitive behavior, difficulty in learning new material, deficits in abstraction, problem solving, and reduced visuospatial abilities (Alcohol and its effects). One of the long term effects listed was difficulty in learning. Now if you start drinking in high school, like most college aged students do, you already have a disadvantage against everyother person who choses not to drink. Researchers have found that the brains of alcoholics are smaller and have an increased number of brain tissue loss then a nonalcoholic(Alcohol and its effects). This would lead someone to believe that somebody who is the same age and does not drink would be faster and quicker in cognitive abilities(Alcohol and its effects).

Anatomy of Blood Cells Exercise 32

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEWS OF AN ARTERY AND OF A VEIN ARE SHOWN HERE. IDENTIFY EACH; ON THE LINES TO THE SIDES, NOTE THE STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT ENABLED YOU TO MAKE THESE IDENTIFICATIONS: STRUCTURAL DETAILS: ARTERY: ROUND AND THICK VEIN: THIN AND SQUIGGLY 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA INTIMA INNERMOST TUNIC, THIN TUNIC OF CAPILLARIES 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA MEDIA ESPECIALLY THICK IN ELASTIC ARTERIES, CONTAINS SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIN 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNICA EXTERNA MOST SUPERFICIAL TUNIC, HAS A SMOOTH SURFACE TO DECREASE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW 5 WHY ARE VALVES PRESENT IN VEINS BUT NOT IN ARTERIES? Veins need valves to create pressure to pump the blood to the heart. Blood flows away from the heart and, therefore, the pressure is not required. Helps against gravity. 6 NAME TWO EVENTS OCCURING WITHIN THE BODY THAT AID IN VENOUS RETURN. 1. Respiratory â€Å"Pump†. Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular â€Å"Pump†. Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins 7 WHY ARE THE WALLS OF ARTERIES PROPERTIONATELY THICKER THAN THOSE OF THE CORRESPONDING VEINS? Because the blood is pumped directly into arteries so there is more pressure on the arteries 8 THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM HAS ONE OF THESE; THE VENOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO BRACHIOCEPHALIC 9 THESE ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM CORONARY 10 TWO PAIRED ARTERIES SERVING THE BRAIN EXTERNAL CAROTID, INTERNAL CAROTID 11 LONGEST VEIN IN THE LOWER LIMB GREAT SAPHENOUS 12 ARTERY ON THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT CHECKED AFTER LEG SURGERY DORSALIS PEDIS 13 SERVES THE POSTERIOR THIGH FEMORAL 14 Ok, so you’re using my notecards which is great. I am glad I could help you out cause I wish I had someone to help me out when I took this course. I know Anatomy is super hard. I only ask that if you find these notecards helpful, you join Easy Notecards and create at least one notecard set to help others out. It can be for any subject or class. Thanks and don’t forget to rate my helpfulness! 15 SUPPLIES THE DIAPHRAGM PHRENIC 16 FORMED BY THE UNION OF THE RADIAL AND ULNAR VEINS BRACHIAL 17 TWO SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE ARM BASILIC, CEPHALIC 18 ARTERY SERVING THE KIDNEY RENAL 19 VEINS DRAINING THE LIVER HEPATIC 20 ARTERY THAT SUPPLIES THE DISTAL HALF OF THE LARGE INTESTINE INFERIOR MESENTERIC 21 DRAINS THE PELVIC ORGANS INTERNAL ILIAC 22 WHAT THE EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY BECOMES ON ENTRY INTO THE THIGH DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH, FEMORAL 23 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE ARM SUBCLAVIAN 24 SUPPLIES MOST OF THE SMALL INTESTINE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC 25 JOIN TO FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA COMMON ILIAC 26 AN ARTERIAL TRUNK THAT HAS THREE MAJOR BRANCHES, WHICH RUN TO THE LIVER, SPLEEN, AND STOMACH CELIAC TRUNK 27 MAJOR ARTERY SERVING THE TISSUES EXTERNAL TO THE SKULL COMMON CAROTID 28 THREE VEINS SERVING THE LEG ANTERIOR TIBIAL, FIBULAR, POSTERIOR TIBIAL 29 ARTERY GENERALLY USED TO TAKE THE PULSE AT THE WRIST RADIAL 30 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE (CIRCLE OF WILLIS)? PROVIDES ALTERNATE PATHWAYS FOR BLOOD TO REACH BRAIN TISSUE IN THE CASE OF IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW IN THIS SYSTEM. 31 THE ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERIES ARISE FROM THE __1__ ARTERY. THEY SERVE THE __2__ OF THE BRAIN. 1. INTERNAL CAROTID 2 CEREBRUM 32 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A DROP OF BLOOD FROM THE AORTA TO THE LEFT OCCIPITAL LOBE OF THE BRAIN, NOTING ALL STRUCTURES THROUGH WHICH IT FLOWS? subclavian artery, vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery 33 LABEL ARTERIES 34 LABEL ARTERIES 35 LABEL ARTERIES 36 LABEL ARTERIES 37 LABEL ARTERIES 38 LABEL ARTERIES 39 LABEL ARTERIES 40 LABEL ARTERIES 41 TRACE THE PATHWAY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE GAS MOLECULE IN THE BLOOD FROM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA UNTIL IT LEAVES THE BLOODSTREAM. NAME ALL STRUCTURES (VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND OTHERS) PASSED THROUGH EN ROUTE. RIGHT ATRIUM -> RIGHT VENTRICLE -> PULMONARY TRUNK -> RIGHT OR LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY -> LOBAR ARTERY -> PULMONARY CAPILLARY BEDS IN LUNGS -> AIR SACS OF LUNGS.

Groupon Essay

Groupon gets commissions from the product and service providers. The providers are able to promote their products and gain benefits from the large quantity of orders. It is a model that can satisfy all the people: the customers, product sellers and the Groupon company. However, this business model is easy to imitate. It does not required high technology or unique skills to set up the business. Many internet companies, such as Google and Amazon, have stepped in this market. They have established similar business services. Those competitors are attempting to grab market share from the leader, Groupon. For example, Google has set up its own online group buying websites, Google offer, and released more attractive offers by lowering the price than the similar products or services on Groupon. Therefore, customers have more choices of online group buying providers. Customers are able to find better products from Groupon’s competitors. With intensive competition, Groupon needs to consider how to maintain its market share and how to improve its services to attract more return customers in the short run. In the long run, the company needs to think about how to improve the business model to make it more competitive. Alternatives Groupon could start a customer loyalty program to cultivate a high loyalty customer group. The company could build an award system for the program. The customers could earn certain points when they purchase the products. If they have achieved enough points, they could redeem those points to purchase new deals. The customers would spend more using this incentive because the customers could get more benefit if they shop more. The company could encourage its customer to keep shopping on its website and maintain the market share. But the reward system is easy to copy. Finally, the company has to choose whether to give more rewards than its competitors. Groupon could lose profits by giving away more benefits to the customers. Groupon could differentiate its service by sending customized offers. The company could require its customers to fill out preference information when they sign up for the website. The customers could get the customized deals regularly by emails. This strategy could periodically provide the customers with discounted services and products that they are interested in. But the process for the personal information may make the customers uncomfortable with it. Plan of action The company should choose the second alternative. By collecting the personal information, the company is able to analysis its customers’ needs in a more precise way. The company can build huge customer data base to find right products for the customers. The company could give special discount if the customer s can submit their preference information.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Essay Example

Angela Carter (1940 Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Paper Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Paper Essay Topic: Beauty and the Beast and Other Tales Literature Mythologies The Glass Castle The Piano Lesson -She defines myth in ‘a sort of conventional sense; also in the sense that Roland Barthes uses it in Mythologies’. Barthes states that ‘the very principle of myth’ is that ‘it transforms history into nature. This process of naturalisation transforms culturally and historically determined fictions into received truths, which are accepted as natural, even sacred. -As Carter herself states in one of the interviews, the term ‘demythologizing‘ means for her an attempt to find out what certain configurations of imagery in our society and in our culture really stand for, what they mean, underneath the kind of semireligious coating that makes people not particularly want to interfere with them. -In the very conventional sense, Rolland Barthes uses myths in Mythologies to describe trivial things of everyday use, Carter tried to define ideas, images and stories we tend to accept without thinking about them. -Angela Carter’s collection of stories, ‘The Bloody Chamber’, was published in 1979 and provides a dynamic response to one of the crucial problems of radical feminism. How does one think outside the masculine myths of ‘woman’ without presenting the feminine as some ineffable and timeless essence. From familiar fairy tales and legends Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard, Puss in Boots, Beauty and the Beast, vampires and werewolves Angela Carter has created an absorbing collection of dark, sensual, fantastic stories. -The title story of this collection is Carter’s tale about Perrault’s Bluebeard. Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber is for the heroine a story of sexual self-discovery. She delights in her newfound sexual awareness, which Carter brings to life with vivid words such as, I lay awake in the wagon-lit in a tender, delicious ecstasy of excitement, my burning cheek pressed against the impeccable linen of the pillow and the pounding of my heart mimicking that of the great pistons ceaselessly thrusting the train that bore me through the night, away from Paris, away from girlhood, away from the white, enclosed quietude of my mothers apartment, into the unguessable country of marriage. -Carters use of the word bore compares the heroines journey to her married life to a rebirth. The comparison emphasizes how the heroine is not just getting married, but being transformed from a girl, away from girlhood into a woman. The heroines arousal on the train, heightened by sexual verbs such as pounding, thrusting and burning comes not so much from her attraction to the Marquis but from her curiosity at the unguessable act of sex that she anticipates. Even though the Marquis evaluates her as though she is horseflesh, his condescension excites her because it makes her realize her own potential for corruption, for sexuality and desire. She does not find out until later how literally the Marquis makes love and corruption into a single act with the fetish of murdering his wives. He takes his favorite quote, by Baudelaire, literally: There is a striking resemblance between the act of love and he ministrations of a torturer. For him, the act of love is the act of torture. Because the Marquiss objectifying remarks and actions excite the heroine, we can see that until she realizes the extent of her dilemma, she is somewhat complicit in her own subjugation. -Images of rebirth and sexuality make the narrators entrance into marriage seem full of life. -But the moment she arrives at the castle, this feeling is tempered with symbols of death that foreshadow her own near-death. She arrives at dawn, a time of freshness and possibility, but in the month of November in late fall, which traditionally represents a decline into winter and death. -The sea has an amniotic salinity-the word amniotic referencing birth, but it surrounds the castle when the tide is high, so that for all its majesty the palace resembles a prison. She describes it as, at home neither on the land nor on the water, a mysterious, amphibious place, contravening the materiality of both earth and the waves That lovely, sad, sea-siren of a place! To the heroine, the castle seems like a place where reality is suspended and strange things happen. When she compares it to a siren or mermaid, who lure sailors and then drown them, she evokes another symbol of death and foreshadows her fate. -The bridal chamber itself is filled with symbols of death and martyrdom. On the wall hangs a painting of Saint Cecilia, who died by decapitation. -The Marquis sees the heroine as his own personal Saint Cecilia, whom he plans to kill in a sick bastardization of martyrdom. -The heroines necklace, which the Marquis instructs her not to remove, references the same bloody death. At the time, she does not realize that the necklace symbolizes the death that the Marquis has planned for her. -Twelve mirrors surround the bed, the number twelve symbolizing the twelve apostles and therefore referencing Christ. Since Christ is the ultimate martyr, the mirrors comprise another death reference. -Finally, the Marquis has filled the narrators room with so many lilies, which are reflected in the mirrors, that it appears to be a funereal parlor. The heroine connects sex with death most explicitly when she uses the word impale to describe the Marquiss penetrating her. -It is not the bridal chamber, but the Marquiss secret murder room, that lends the story its title, The Bloody Chamber. However, the bridal chamber is a bloody chamber of sorts because it is there that the Marquis spills the narrators blood by taking her virginity. Being a place for the consummation of marriage, it also represents the murder that always follows. -The events that surround the forbidden chamber echo Eves temptation and fall in the Garden of Eden, thus connecting each wifes downfall to the idea of original sin. As Jean-Yves explains, the heroine only did what The Marquis knew she would just as, he implies, God knew that Eve would taste the forbidden apple and be sentenced to pain and (eventual) death. -The Marquis sees himself as God because he is a man and a royal figure; therefore, he feels it is his mission to tempt and punish women. But far from being godlike or right, the Marquiss actions are perverted. He is like the man in his engraving, Reproof of Curiosity, who arouses himself by whipping a naked girl, only he is worse for being a murderer. The allusion to Eve suggests that inasmuch as the bloody chamber is a place of suffering and death for the other wives, it is one of learning and rebirth for the heroine. -In this way, the term bloody chamber can also refer to the womb; it is a physical symbol of birth and of Eves punishment; pain in childbirth as well as the pain of knowledge. -Like many traditional fairy tales, The Bloody Chamber ends happily ever after. But the heroines happiness does not come from finding a stereotypical prince charming and living out her days in luxury. Rather, she marries a blind piano tuner, gives away her fortune, and lives with her mother and husband on the edge of town. This ending embodies a feminist perspective. The heroine starts out as a sexual object, manipulated into submission with the promise of material comfort. The Marquis condemns her to death for refusing to obey him blindly and remain ignorant. Her triumph, as Moore explains, is in recognizing her own intelligence and mettle as a human being, and rejecting the role of submissive child. Having learned from her experience, the heroine rids herself of all remnants of that former identity. She rejects wealth, which is what the Marquis used to win her trust. She marries a blind man, who cannot objectify her for her beauty because he cannot see her. She even rejects the traditional household of two in favor of living with her mother as well as her husband. By doing so, Moore says, she avoids the institution of marriage with its requirement to love, honor, and obey a husband till death. She replaces a relationship between power and submission with one of mutual affection and equality. Even though the heroine is married, she does not rely solely on Jean-Yves for money or love, because she earns money giving piano lessons and has her mothers company. Even though the mark on the heroines forehead proves her triumph over both death and misogyny, she is ashamed of it. The key that made the mark was, as Moore says, the key to her selfhood, but she does not consider the mark a badge of success; to the heroine, it is a permanent reminder that she let herself be lured, bought, and mistreated. In rejecting wealth, earning a living, and residing with her mother, the narrator not only fulfills her wish for independence; she does a sort of penance for allowing sexist abuse in her former life. This penance she also does by telling her story, in hopes that other women might not fall prey to a man like the Marquis. -To begin with, one can read Carter as an exemplary postmodernist. Her stories are written in the voice of fairy tales, with ‘The Bloody Chamber’ being a first person re-telling of ‘Bluebeard’s Castle’ from the female protagonist’s point of view. A received and traditional narrative is re-told from the point of view of its classically objectified and silent other, the sexually violated women. The text inhabits a narrative to show its force, foregrounding the values and positions it creates. -However, there is also a utopian or deconstructive dimension to Carter’s text. Carter’s narrative does more than repeat the narratives of tradition as narrative; it is more than a playful postmodern inhabitation of a discourse that it also disavows. Not only does Carter add another voice to the text; she rewrites the very notion of voice. -She does not just add a ‘female’ voice to a masculine narrative; she destroys the simple way of thinking about the opposition between male and female. She shows the feminine to be a masculine construction, an image, fantasy or projection of male desire. -The female character in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ constantly views herself in mirrors, sees herself from the point of view of male desire, and adopts all the jewels, dress, fantasies and poses that place her in the position of created sexual object. In narrating the story she looks back to a time when she was both an unselfconscious and a passive object of desire and recalls the moment at which she adopts and internalizes the male gaze that fixes her as female: â€Å"That night at the opera comes back to me even now†¦the white dress; the frail child within it; and the flashing crimson jewels around her throat, bright as arterial blood. I saw him watching me in the gilded mirrors with the assessing eye of a connoisseur inspecting horseflesh, or even a housewife in the market inspecting cuts on the slab. I’d never seen, or else had never acknowledged, that regard of his before, the sheer carnal avarice of it; and It was strangely magnified by the monocle lodged in his left eye. When I saw him look at me with lust, I dropped my eyes but, in glancing away from him, I caught sight of myself in a mirror. And I saw myself, suddenly, as he saw me, my pale face, the way the muscles in my neck stuck out like thin wire. I saw how much that cruel necklace became me. And for the first time in my innocent and confined life, I sensed in myself a potentiality for corruption that took my breath away.† (Carter 1979, 11). -In this sense, ‘woman’ does not exist; ‘she’ is only that feared lack or absence created by the masculine assertion of presence. In order for a text or image to represent anything at all it must presuppose an absent or lost presence which it aims to recall. -Carter’s stories show the mythic production of the lost origin. Her female characters are viewed through the lens of a male desire that can be active, representing and masterful only through its production of a passive, represented and slavish feminine. The opposition between male and female then structures all the oppositions between subject and object, for the masculine is just that which is other than the represented, other than that silent body which cannot speak or represent itself. Carter exposes the feminine as a mythic presence produced through the idea of subjectivity and representation; only with the idea of a world there to be represented, and a subject who actively represents can we have the sexual hierarchy. We can only think the opposition between subject and object, presence and absence, signifier and signified through sexual imagery. The feminine is just that imagined lack perceived from the point of masculine subjectivity. -However, while denying or exposing the feminine as a lie, or while saying that woman does not exist, Carter also speaks in the voice of the feminine. The feminine is a fiction and illusion and it is also the only reality outside the play of mirrors. Carter produces a female voice or subject that disrupts the fiction of sexual difference. Indeed, the only way to destroy the fantasy of sexual difference- of woman as man’s necessary negation or other- is to repeat and intensify the fantasy, both by showing the production as a production and by producing differently. -Carter parodies the female subject who would take on all the active, violent and masterful strategies of the masculine subject, exposing such projections of the self-authoring subject to be a fiction. Often her female characters take on heroic, active but also absurdly masculine roles; the masculine model of the subject is powerfully adopted at the same time as it is parodied: ‘what other student at the Conservatoire could boast that her mother had outfaced a junkful of Chinese pirates, nursed a village through a visitation of plague, shot a man-eating tiger with her own hand and all before she was as old as I?’ (Carter 1979, 7). -Her work is therefore ironic, negative and deconstructive. -It is ironic because it inhabits the simple mythic world of sexual difference in order to expose its absurd simplicity. It is negative because it takes what is conceived to be outside language and subjectivity- woman- and shows that otherness to be an effect of representation. It is, most importantly, deconstructive because it does not just repeat and parody the opposition between male and female; it also takes the affirmative step of gesturing to all those forces of desire and difference that precede all myth, meaning and representation. Many of her stories enact a utopian promise of going beyond the human or beyond the subject for whom the world is merely so much passive material to be mastered and re-presented. -The fairy stories of myth and tradition are presented as so many ways of inscribing a border between animal and human. Carter repeats tales of werewolves, for example, in order to show the ways in which the human self was, and is, haunted and doubled by what is not itself. The subject is neither self-authoring nor transparent. The human is a collection of features that we have perceived from inhuman life: ‘her cunt a split fig below the great globes of buttocks on which the knotted tails of the cat were about to descend’ (Carter 1979, 16); ‘I could see the dark leonine shape of his head and my nostrils caught a whiff of the opulent male scent of leather and spices that always accompanied him’ (ibid. 8); ‘his white, heavy flesh that has too much in common with the armfuls of arum lilies that filled my bedroom in great glass jars’ (ibid. 15). Carter’s writing is composed of layers of scents, tastes, perceptions, recollections and quotations, with her characters’ bodies never being self-contained objects so much as sites of competing affects. Against all these bodies and layers of sensibility, Carter sets the absent male gaze, the point from which all sensations are organised and rendered both sexually different and meaningful. To be a subject, or to speak, is to be complicit with this objectifying gaze. There can be no pure and innocent femininity outside this structure precisely because the female body is produced as female only through this desire: He stripped me, gourmand that he was, as if he were stripping the leaves off an artichoke- but do not imagine much finesse about it; this artichoke was no particular treat for the diner nor was he yet in any greedy haste. He approached his familiar treat with a weary appetite. And when nothing but my scarlet, palpitating core remained, I saw, in the mirror, the living image of an etching by Rops from the collection he had shown me when our engagement permitted us to be alone together †¦the child with her sticklike limbs, naked but for her button boots, her gloves, shielding her face with her hand as though her face were the last repository of her modesty; and the old monocled lecher who examined her, limb by limb. He in his London tailoring; she, bare as a lamb chop. Most pornographic of all confrontations. And so my purchaser unwrapped his bargain. And, as at the opera, when I had first seen my flesh in his eyes, I was aghast to feel myself stirring. (Carter 1979, 15). In The Bloody Chamber masculinity is described as a mask, as achieving its power only in not being seen; it is only by viewing the body as masked, as clothed, that a male subject is posited as unseen, behind all the staging. Similarly, it is only through the threat of law, prohibition and punishment, only through a violence directed against the female body, that the male subject is produced as authority. Sexual difference is not, for Carter, a topic to be treated ironically. On the contrary, the very structure of irony is itself sexual. The point of view that observes, objectifies and is other than any determined body, or the point of view of narration, voice, desire and speech, has traditionally been defined as different from the feminine. Indeed, the feminine is just what is other than, or different from, the pure gaze of subjectivity. For this reason, Carter’s narrating female voice is not a point of view outside traditional difference. Rather, insofar as she speaks, Carter’s narrating female character is also other than her own desired body. ‘The subject’ is itself a fantasy of difference, created through narratives that differentiate desiring gaze and voice from desired and viewed body. Masculine and feminine are images or figures of a difference that is inherent to all thinking and speaking. As de Man and Derrida have noted, to use a concept or speak is to intend or posit some being or sense that is there to be presented, and to create a subjective point of view of one who speaks. One cannot adopt a postmodern play that frees itself from metaphysical commitments, a commitment to presence. But one can look at texts to see the ways in which they constitute subject positions and points of view over and against a posited presence. Carter’s narrative shows the ways in which this structure of subject and object, presence and absence, sign and sense has a sexual imaginary. To speak is to be other than the object, and the primary imagined object- that original desired body from which all speech must detach itself- is the female body. -There is also, however, an affirmative dimension to Carter’s irony. She does not just present the classic image of the speaking and viewing subject as masculine; she also intimates a new mode of difference. Here, the feminine would not just be that which is other than the voice of speech and representation, not just that towards which the active and objectifying gaze is directed. Carter’s writing suggests that bodies themselves have a differential power. Bodies become human, become animal and, in ‘The Company of Wolves’, her rewriting of ‘Red Riding Hood’, animal and human bodies fall in love and live happily ever after. Difference is not just the imposed relation between male and female on otherwise equivalent bodies. The body is not a presence that is then taken up in representation; nor is it an imagined and lost presence forever desired by a self-enclosed and disembodied voice of representation. Just as Derrida insists that speech intends or posits some sense beyond the sign, and cannot therefore be reduced to a closed system of difference, so he also argues that signs create forces beyond sense and presence. Carter, similarly, not only looks at the ways in which the traditional sexual binary posits some lost presence- the female body there to be viewed- she also looks at the way the inscription of this fantasy and the bodies it represents can have a force that exceeds sense. -Her stories are ironic repetitions of the production of the feminine as a lost absence; but she adopts this voice and then shows that it is not a simple or negated outside. The body disrupts inside and outside, male and female subject and object. Carter’s characters constantly undress to reveal an underlying animality, or a becoming-animal. The human is not some basic essence that we all share; nor is it a common ground. On the contrary, the human in Carter’s stories is achieved through performance and clothing. This allows us to add a further dimension to Carter’s irony and demythisation. -Not only do her texts inhabit and disrupt the traditional images of male and female that have been used to differentiate object and subject, she also creates new styles of voice. If traditional speech and point of view create an ‘I’ who speaks over and against a presence that is there to be re-presented, new styles of writing would destroy the singularity of point of view. This would be postmodern, not because it set itself ‘behind’ or above all the discourses that it surveyed but did not intend. Rather, the text would destroy the position of speech and point of view, producing not a subject/object or subject/predicate logic, but a humorous play of surfaces. Carter’s stories often repeat phrases from other stories, without quotation marks or a defined speaker. In ‘The Bloody Chamber’ a phrase from Red Riding Hood- ‘All the better to see you’- is printed as though it were the speech of the Count, but it is not in quotation marks and is typographically set off from the paragraphs that surround it. Carter uses the space of the page, the literal text, to display the voices of myth and tradition that traverse our narratives and perceptions. Carter presents these lines, not in sentences or quotations, but almost as objects dropped onto the page, without a clear attribution, voice or point of view. -Carter uses the position of the feminine in a critical and utopian manner; if the feminine is produced as other than the male subject, then it can be repeated to gesture to what lies beyond sense and subjectivity.

What are the management problem faced by NGOs Dissertation

What are the management problem faced by NGOs - Dissertation Example The UN definition of an NGO or a non-governmental organization is a legally established organization formulated by legal persons that functions individually without any assistance from any government. In the cases where NGOs are being funded completely or partly by governments, the NGO will keep its non-governmental standing by eliminating government representatives from participating in the organization (Gamboni, 2006). The word is usually relevant only to organizations that follow some wider social purpose that has political characteristics, but that are not openly political organizations such as political parties. According to a definition by World Bank, the NGOs are "private organizations that pursue activities to relieve suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect the environment, provide basic social services, or undertake community development" (World Bank, 2007). A 1995 UN report on the global authority predicted that there are approximately 29,000 international NGOs. National numbers have risen even higher than that: The United States alone has an estimated number of 2 million NGOs, among which most were formulated in the past 30 years. On the other hand, we see that Russia has 65,000 NGOs. Many of the NGOs are created every day. In Kenya only, around 240 NGOs come into being with the passing of every year. Many different types of organizations are now defined as being NGOs. There is no commonly recognized description of an NGO and the word carries diverse meanings in different situations. Nonetheless, there are some important features. Undoubtedly, an NGO must be liberated from the direct control of any government (Lewis, 2006). Also according to Lewis (2006), there are three more widely recognized features that eliminate specific types of bodies from consideration. An NGO will not be established as a political party; it will always remain non-profit-making and it shall never take part in any criminal activities, and most importantly it will be non-violent. These features relate to general usage, because they equal the conditions set for acknowledgment by the United Nations (Lewis, 2006) The borders can sometimes be slightly diminished: various NGOs may in reality be closely related to a political party; many NGOs create revenue from activities that are commercial, predominantly consultancy contracts or publication sales; and a minute number of NGOs may be related to intense political disputes. However, according to Nanda (2010) an NGO is never founded as a government bureaucracy, a criminal association, a party or a rebel group. Thus, an NGO is majorly projected as an autonomous volunteer association of pe ople working together on a constant basis, for some mutual drive, other than attaining government office, generating revenues or taking part in illegal doings. Furthermore, according to Nanda (2010) the term NGO is very comprehensive and includes many different types of organizations. In the arena of development, NGOs vary in size from large charities based in the North such as CARE, Oxfam and World Vision to community-based NGOs in the South.   They also comprise of research institutes, professional associations churches as well as lobby groups. An increasing figure of NGOs are involved in both operational and sponsorship workings. Moreover, some of the advocacy groups, while not being openly involved in planning and executing projects, concentrate on particular project-related concerns (Willitts, 2002). According to Ronalds (2010), NGOs are existent for a range of purposes, typically to promote the political as well as social goals of their associates. The examples of this could include cultivating the state of the natural environment, boosting the adherence of human rights, enlightening the general masses about the welfare of the disadvantaged, or demonstrating on behalf of a corporate agenda. However, there is a plethora of such organizations and their aims cover a comprehensive range of political and philosophical situations. This can

Tips for Trainers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tips for Trainers - Research Paper Example article, the comic trainee who attempts to make jokes and a well delivered joke uplifts the session while a mistimed one or an explicit one can increase awkwardness. This particular type lies somewhere between the chatterboxes and the challengers as they tend to add unwanted humor based on their own experiences, most of the time with long explanations (Shetty, 2010). One can counter chatterboxes (talkative) trainees by paying more attention to them and asking them questions about the training subject. The introverts or slow learners (passive) trainees may open up if they are paired up with chatterboxes and made leaders of the group in training activities, asking them questions can result in a childish silence so encourage them in non-direct ways or throw really easy questions at them. The know-it-all or challenger (angry) type can be handled by recognizing their contribution and then throwing the same question back at them, new information or facts can satisfy them and only a confident trainer would subdue their high self confidence so knowing the inside out of subject area is very important, irrelevant questions or experiences can be kept for after the training discussion usually held one to one. You do not want to hurt somebody’s feelings as a trainer, if a joke is delivered well and taken well by the participants then the comedian can get confident and make more tries although as a trainer you have an agenda to follow hence you should always tell the participants that the session is for learning purpose and that we should get back to the topic at